FAQ
Purpose?
Why study?
Measures?
What systems?
Approaches?
Functional type?
Implications?
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What's relevant?
How measured?
How to score?
What aspects?
Why FACS?
Which emotional?
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EMG measures?
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 What other aspects of facial movement besides the muscles are important?

With the addition of motion and time to the record, additional aspects of muscular action can be scored. The table below shows the important aspects of facial muscular action that need to be measured.

In addition to the specific muscular action, an action's intensity, temporal course, and asymmetry can be measured. In regard to intensity, the rates of contraction and relaxation of the muscle, as well as the absolute level of contraction at the maximum excursion of the muscle, or apex, can be measured.

muscular action
The image above shows two idealized plots of facial actions. The onset of the action is when the muscular contraction begins and increases in intensity. The apex is a plateau usually where the intensity reaches a stable level. And the offset is the relaxation of the muscular action. The right plot shows aspects of muscular actions that are not typical of a spontaneous, genuine emotional expression. This includes a rough onset, a too long apex that varies, and a very rapid offset. If you are interested in deception, parameters such as these would be important to measure.

Table - Aspects of Facial Actions for Measurement

Specific Muscular Action Involved

 Variables

Intensity Levels

Slopes of onsets and offsets (time v.s intensity)
Duration of onset, apex, offset

Other Temporal Characteristics

Co-occurance with other actions (overlap)
Separation from other actions

Asymmetry

Timing
Intensity