| Asymmetries in Facial Actions | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Contents Title PageProblems in Previous Asymmetry Research 1. Bilateral Asymmetry 2. Better Unilateral Control 3. Preferred Side 4. Side Rated Easier Laterality of Deliberate Actions Relations among Asymmetry Measures Relationship of Asymmetry for Different AUs Unilateral Control and Strength of Contraction Laterality of Spontaneous Actions Spontaneous Happy Expression Spontaneous Startle Actions Laterality of Mixed Spontaneous and Deliberate Actions Startle Simulations Simulations of Emotions Differences in Asymmetry between Types of Movement Spontaneous Actions versus Deliberate, Requested Actions Differences between Startle Conditions Spontaneous Startle versus Startle Simulations Mixed versus Spontaneous or Deliberate Actions Laterality of Different Action Units Relations among Measures of Asymmetry Asymmetry of Facial Actions and Hemispheric Specialization Specialization for Emotion Specialization for Control of Actions Other Possible Causes of Asymmetry in Facial Actions Verbal vs Visual Processes Structural Asymmetry Emotional versus Cognitive Activity Need for Better Concepts Appendix S - Production of Startle Noise Appendix Y - Derivation of Scores for Unilateral Actions Reference Notes Figures and Tables Figure 1 - Action Units Measured in this Study Figure 3 - Asymmetry Measures of this Study Table 1 - Distribution of Asymmetry for Each Action Unit by Mode of Request, Verbal Description versus Imitating a Model Table 2 - Distribution of Asymmetry for each AU for Four Measures: Bilateral Asymmetry, Better Unilateral Control, Preferred Unilateral Side, and Side Rated Easier Table 3 - Number of Repititions of Requested, Bilateral Actions Related to the Proportion of Asymmetrical Actions and the Proportion of Asymmetrical Actions that were Left Stronger Table 4 - Summary of Laterality by Action for Each Asymmetry Measure Table 5 - Significant Changes in the Proportion of Subjects who Shifted Laterality (Right vs. Left) Between Pairs of Asymmetry Measures Table 6 - Correlations between Measures of Asymmetry Table 7 - Number of Significant Correlations between Different Asymmetry Measures in Table 6 Table 8 - Factors and Loadings for Two Analyses Regarding Asymmetry of Bilateral and Unilateral Actions Table 9 - Significant Correlations between Different Action Units within each set of Asymmetry Measures Table 10- Factors and Loadings for each Action Unit within Four Asymmetry Measures Table 11- Significant Correlations between Different Action Units between Different sets of Asymmetry Measures Table 12- The Relation between the Better Unilateral Action and the Onside, Offside Intensities and the Occurance of Other AUs Table 13- Distribution of Scores for Spontaneous Happy Expressions Table 14- Laterality of Subjects for each common Action Unit in the Three Startle Conditions Table 15- Distributions of Asymmetry Scores for Common Actions in the Simulated Startle Table 16- Symmetry of Subjects for each Frequently Observed Action Unit in the Emotion Simula- tion Condition Table 17- Average Asymmetry of Actions in the Simulation of each Emotion Expression Table 18- Correlations of Asymmetry Scores in the Simulate Emotion Expression Condition with Each of the Asymmetry Scores from the Requested Individual Action Conditions by AU Table 19- Asymmetry of Actions for each Simulation by the number of Co-Occurring Actions Table 20- Differences in Degree of Bilateral Asymmetry for Actions Appearing in Different Conditions Table 21- Bilateral Asymmetry Scores for AU 12 for the Deliberate, Simulated, and Emotional Conditions Table 22- Subjects who Showed Significant Laterality across Action Units for each of the Four Asymmetry Measures |